Artists Most Closely Associated with Snyder County, PA

The artists that are today most closely associated with Snyder County are: The Reverend George Geistweite, Henry Young, and Francis Portzline. There are others like Frederick Kuster, Johann Conrad Trevits, Daniel Diefenbach, and Daniel Otto who probably never lived or worked within the geographical confines of what is today Snyder County, but were close enough to produce work for local families and influenced and were influenced by the works of others within this region. Also, some important artists from the area have never been identified and are known only because of their specific style or families for whom they created documents. The â€Å"Union County Scrivener† who seems to have worked entirely in what is today Snyder County, The Spigelmeyer Artist, and The Augusta Township Artist are just a few that fall into this latter category. Other artists produced works for local families, but often they fall into a group of itinerates who traveled about the state looking for families who wanted their Bibles brought up to date or documents created for a specific event. In the fall of 1977 Elizabeth Bryding Adams published an article on Henry Young in the Pennsylvania German Society journal, Der Reggeboge. The article included 152 of his recorded works and was used as the catalogue for an exhibition on Young at the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center in Williamsburg, Va. which was on view that same year. While this article and exhibit was not the first to draw attentionShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesdata extracted from journal articles, newspapers, and other published sources. Most examples and exercises in the book are of this nature; they cover a very wide range of disciplines and subject areas. These include, but are not limited to, health and ï ¬ tness, consumer research, psychology and aging, environmental research, law and criminal justice, and entertainment. A Focus on Interpretation and Communication Most chapters include a section titled â€Å"Interpreting and Communicating the Results ofRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesManagement Institute will find the text is well structured to meet the needs of those wishing to prepare for PMP (Project Management Professional) or CAPM (Certified Associate in Project Management) certification exams. The text has indepth coverage of the most critical topics found in PMI’s Project Management vii viii Preface Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). People at all levels in the organization assigned to work on projects will find the text useful not only in providing them with a rationale forRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesAmerican economy that is consumer-driven. Therefore, as companies again go back to the business basics, this is a reminder of the most fundamental of those basics: Company managers need to recognize that a business’s income comes from its customers, not from Wall Street. NEW LEADERSHIP AND NEW MANAGEMENT MODELS ARE REQUIRED TO MEET THE BREADTH OF NEW CUSTOMER DEMANDS Most management leaders fully understand that the one certainty in the volcanic twenty-first-century economy is that the terrain onRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesComing Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential

Islamic Religion, Muslims, And Muslim Immigrants - 1786 Words

Islamic Religion, Muslims, and Muslim Immigrants People of the Islamic Religion, known as Muslims, have been migrating to other countries and causing mayhem as they populate the areas. Such as Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, and Syria. People argue they are peaceful, some disagree and say they cause trouble. Muslims have been coming to America for quite some time now. Why do some Americans want them out now? Once looking into what they study, what they believe, and who they follow is terrifying. After all, they believe puberty determines the fate of the person going through it. America is a free country that welcomes people of any religion or race to come to including people that have the same religion of terrorists. Once again, why do some people argue that people of the Islamic religion shouldn’t be here? After looking into what they believe and what is contained in the Muslim’s holy book, The Qur’an, is quite scary. Muhammad is who they believe to be as â€Å"the last prophet of God†. Muslims believe that he was the greatest moral example. When in reality, He was just as bad as HItler. Even Hitler quoted â€Å"The only religion I admire is Islam. The only prophet I admire is Muhammad.† According to David Wood in his article, â€Å"The Historical Muhammad: The Good, The Bad, and the Downright Ugly†, the Islamic religion was founded by Muhammad in 610 A.D. while polytheism reigned. He was born around 570 A.D. His mother died when he was six to and add on to that, Muhammad s father died beforeShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of Islamophobia Has Affected The Lives Of Many Muslims Living Of Western Countries1708 Words   |  7 Pagesthe rise of Islamophobia has affected the lives of many Muslims living in Western countries. Islamophobia by nature is racist, it makes general assumptions of a large group of people who share a common belief system. 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Language Analysis

Question: Analyse the language in the written text Your analysis may include a discussion of one or more of the following topics that are cover in this unit of study: 1. Language in the social context 2. Text and discourse analysis: Genre, gender, identity, ideology, multimodality 3. Conversation analysis 4. Pragmatics and sociocultural awareness 5. Literacies 6. Approaches to the literary reading and fictional discourse 7. World Englises, English as an International Language English as a LIngua Franca 8. Native- speakerism Answer: Text Analysis The story Sunday in the Park starts in medias res, like any other narrative; where a so-called happily married couple visits a deserted park on a Sunday evening with their child, Larry, who is three years old. It is an idyllic scene, which was soon disrupted by another three year old boy, who was a bully, who suddenly started throwing sand on this couples son, whose name was Larry. The mother tried to stop the child and tried to save her own child, but the father of the bully who was called Joe in the story, was a big muscular man. He allowed his son to carry on with the unethical and harmful act. The couple tried to protest but since it was a deserted park and Joes father was much stronger than Larrys father Morton, Larry and his parents had to leave the park in spite of knowing that they were not wrong. Thus, the story is about only one incident, only one incident takes place in the whole story, and the number of characters in this story are not much. It includes the two children J oe and Larry, and at the same time, it includes the anonymous women, or rather the wife or the mother in the story and the two fathers, Morton and Joes father. There are also two women and a girl but they are the silent spectators, and not even spectators but few characters that formed the scene in the park. Therefore, it followed almost all the characteristics of a short story so; it could easily fit in the genre of a short story (Achilles and Bergmann, 2015). The main theme of the text is that the woman or mother expected a protection from her husband, which her husband had failed to provide and had avoided the whole situation accepting his failure without committing any mistake (Christ and Shostak, 1993). Therefore, the gender question is one of the most important questions that have been raised in this particular short story and language too plays an important role establishing it. In the beginning of the story when the narrator provides a happy and peaceful picture of the park as well as of the family she comments: She put her book down on the bench.Morton was reading the Times Magazine section, one arm flung around her shoulder; The above mentioned lines here state that a woman feels secure when she has the protection of the man or rather it is the society who has constructed the gender Women in such a way that they should always want a kind of protection from their male partners. Thus, although apparently it seems here that the wife or the mother did not want a fight in this case, but the language used here show what her actual desire was when the narrator says, How dreadful, how incredible. There is a feeling of fear in her and thus it was dreadful for her but then again, it was an adventurous situation for her and thus it was also an incredible situation for her. Moreover, the house or the family is the means and the end for a woman and thus when the couple accepted their defeat moved out of the park, the woman had only one thought in the mind, which was: She wanted only to get home and to busy herself with her familiar tasks The narrator, with the beautiful and creative use of the language comments that a woman could find her familiar tasks only at home, the home provided the woman with the ultimate protection. Women are not only constructed as someone who need protection but there is also another construction of a woman and that is of a mother (Hill, 2015). It is the mother, who is always held responsible for all the actions, and thus when Joe throws sand at Larry, the immediate question that came to the mind of Larrys mother is, Where was his mother? Patriarchy has not only constructed the woman but it has also constructed the man as well (Glauber and Gozjolko, 2015). According to certain critics and feminist thinkers, the gender construction is nothing but an ideological construction, where a set of rules had to be followed by both the man and the woman. Thus, the first appearance of Morton is not exactly of a man, who is a protector. Morton is someone who wears spectacles, who had a fine, lean face, and who is very shy and apologetic, as compared to Joes father who is quite a weak man and thus quickly became the butt of mockery. At first Joes father, who mocked Mortons physical appearan ce as well as his lack of courage and said You and who else? to mock him. His wife again repeated the same phrase when she was disgusted because of her husbands behavior. She too was constructed by this society as a woman, and as mentioned earlier she believed that her man will protect her from everything and should stand for justice, which has also been denied in this story. It is not only Morton, who failed to be a man but, Larry too could not be that man who could make her mother proud. The only fault of the three years old child was that he is someone, who is frail, and for whom his mother feels shame. The narrator used beautiful, yet very simple language to explain the complex construction of gender and the ideology to the readers and thus she comments: Always before she had felt a tender pity for his defenseless little body, the frail arms, the narrow shoulders with sharp, wing-like shoulder blades, the thin and unsure legs, but now her mouth tightened in resentment The women is either a wife or a mother and therefore throughout the novel Larrys mother is referred as She. The readers do not know the name of the woman, they only that she is the wife of Morton and lives a very contended and a happy life with her husband, and is a carrying mother of Larry. Therefore, throughout the story, the author does not reveal the identity of the woman, she is just a She in the whole story and this is quite ironical in terms of Bel Kaufmans own life. She too, had to take up an androgynous identity to publish her first short story because her own identity, or rather her own name Belle, was never trusted (Rajadhyaksha, Korabik and Aycan, 2015). The publishers never felt that a woman writer could come up with things like short stories even though she was writing at a time when the first wave of Feminism was on the go. Apart from the identity of the woman, the identity of Joes father is also not revealed. He is the universal patriarchal father figure, who takes th e ultimate decision for the family and at times for the society as well. Patriarchy exists through domination and domination only establishes patriarchy. Therefore Joes father does not need any name, he has the power to establish his reign and thus he could very easily comment, Throw all you want. After all the powerful can do, all they want to do and for that, they do not need any reason or any kind of permission (Haslam, 2015). Joe too had been constructed in the same way and therefore, he too does not need any kind of permission before physically hurting someone. Analysis of the Language Long ago Russian anthropologist and theorist Mikhail Bakhtin commented that in any novel, the readers find not only the speech of the characters but at the same time, there is a speech of the author as well (Maybin and Swann, 2007). Heteroglossia is the term Bakhtin used, when he tried to define the usage of anothers speech, to serve the purpose of the author, in anothers language (Paton, 2012). The story by Kaufman too, has a same kind of thing when the woman or the mother unintentionally, and to her shock utters the speech of the bully, You and who else. The particular speech shocked her but this served the purpose of the author, she with the help of the end line blows a stroke. The author with this particular phrase could very easily explain that due to patriarchy the man too is in a very vulnerable position and if he could not play his part well, then he become a misfit not only for the society but also for the family as well, a subject of mockery and satire. According to the scholars and the critics Bakhtins use of the double voice, refers to the language that is being used in everyday speech where, a less powerful speaker uses the double voice (Schwartz, 2015). The usage of the double voice by the less powerful speaker is there because the less powerful characters want to negotiate threats using double voicing. Here, the dialogue takes place between the bully and the Morton couple, where the bully is more powerful than the Morton couple. The wife, on the other hand is not only less powerful as she is physically weak, but at the same time she is also less powerful because she is a woman without an identity or a name. Therefore, the thoughts in her mind reflected a double consciousness or a double voice when she said, How dreadful, how incredible, at the thought of the fight that is going to take place between the bully and her husband. The same kind of split or double voicing is again being reflected in her thoughts when she said: She wanted to put her hand on her husband's sleeve, to pull him down, but for some reason she didn't Critics and scholars such as Patterson (2015), states that Bakhtins theory about dialogy, states the fact that authors of the modernist fictions never comment on anything rather present before the readers a conflict between two different sets of ideas or ideologies. Although the author presents a conflict there is no final resolution that is being offered to the readers. Similar kind of situation is there in this particular story as well. Here a dialogue takes place between the powerful and the less powerful and the one who is less powerful takes the place of the powerful in the course of the story. In the first place, a silent negotiation between the powerful and the less powerful takes place through the action of Joe and Larry. Joe, being the heavier, exercise power over Larry, by throwing sand on her and Larry being the physically feeble and the so-called disciplined child could not protest against it. The same conversation between the powerful and the powerless takes place when t here is a conversation between the bully father of Joe and Morton takes place. Lastly, the power relation changes when the couple with their child moved out of the park and the conversation takes place between the couple and the feeble Larry, until the end Larry played the role of the less powerful. The conversation analysis, here shows that the mother too exercised a power, when raged with shame and anger she firmly holds the hand of Larry, and Morton exercised his power against his wife, when he got irritated by the chants of her son and snapped at wife with these words, If you can't discipline this child, I will". Interestingly, though the action was not possible because some how the wife, again expressed power through her last few words when she said, Indeed?" she heard herself say. You and who else? The following words not only expressed a power relation, where again, Morton is being shown as someone who is weaker but at the same time a kind of double voicing too takes place in this following conversation. It is as if, not the wife, but another personality, who is strong and can stand up for herself and speak for herself, is speaking on behalf of her. The fact becomes clearer and apparent when the author comments that She was shocked to hear it, indeed it was a shock for her because in the beginning the readers witnessed a wife who is very careful, and less powerful than her husband. Although in the last sentence uttered by the wife brings before the picture of a wife who is stronger than her husband. Thus, in the end the author does not offer any kind of resolution, but only the possible dialogues. Reference Achilles, J. and Bergmann, I. eds., 2015.Liminality and the Short Story: Boundary Crossings in American, Canadian, and British Writing(Vol. 34). Routledge. Christ, H. and Shostak, J. (1993).More short stories. New York: AMSCO School Publications. Glauber, R. and Gozjolko, K.L., 2015. Gender Ideology, Race, and Parenthood.Working in America: Continuity, Conflict, and Change in a New Economic Era. Haslam, J., 2015.Gender, Race, and American Science Fiction: Reflections on Fantastic Identities. Routledge. Hill, C.E., 2015.Formal Education: Early Childrens Genres, Gender, and the Realist Novel(Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University). Maybin, J. and Swann, J. (2007).Everyday Creativity in Language: Textuality, Contextuality, and Critique. 1st ed. Paton, D. 2012. Towards a theoretical underpinning of the book arts: Applying Bakhtins dialogism and heteroglossia to selected examples of the artists book.Literator, 33(1). Patterson, D., 2015.Literature and spirit: essays on Bakhtin and his contemporaries. University Press of Kentucky. Rajadhyaksha, U., Korabik, K. and Aycan, Z., 2015. Gender, Gender-Role Ideology, and the WorkFamily Interface: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. InGender and the Work-Family Experience(pp. 99-117). Springer International Publishing. Schwartz, M., 2015.A Bakhtinian Dialogic Interactive Approach: Read-alouds with Spanish-speaking Kindergarteners(Doctoral dissertation, LONG ISLAND UNIVERSITY, CW POST CENTER).

James Maxwell Essays - Physics, Electromagnetism, Force,

James Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell, a Scottish physicist, is arguably one of the top ten physicists of all time. His major contributions to the world of science are still relied upon today, years after their development and discovery. Maxwell, who lived from 1831 to 1879, is said to be the Einstein and the Newton of the nineteenth century. Responsible for many scientific achievements, Maxwell is most famous for his works involving prediction of electromagnetic waves and the consequent unification of electromagnetism and light. Maxwell's major contributions to science extend over a wide variety of fields, including optics, color vision, elasticity, and the behavior of the dynamical top. The work that established him as a foremost natural scientist was his analysis of Saturn's rings, in which he showed that they could not be rigid but must be made up of swarms of particles whose stability he analyzed. He invented the idea of a ``distribution function'' governing the velocities of the individual molecules of the gas, and proposed the ``Maxwellian'' expression for its equilibrium form. Maxwell's formulation of electricity and magnetism was published in A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism (1873), which included the formulas today known as Maxwell Equations. Maxwell also showed that these equations implicitly required the existence of electromagnetic wave traveling at the speed of light. He also proposed a physical ether theory. He abandoned attempts to formulate a specific mechanical model, instead using the formalism of Lagrangian dynamics. His theory of electromagnetic fields led directly to the existence of electromagnetic waves as they are known today. Science Essays

Comparison between MLA and APA Formatting

Comparison between MLA and APA Formatting In the world of academia, sharing of knowledge plays a key role in development of a given area of knowledge. For instance, a researcher will look for information from existing researches in order to develop his thesis. As a result, referencing is an integral part of academia. Consequently, this paper seeks to shed light on how to utilize Internet resources in research and what to look for when researching and also show comparison between MLA and APA formatting.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between MLA and APA Formatting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More APA formatting is highly used in referencing works cited in social science. In APA, the research work should be written in an essay form that is comprised of four main sections namely; the title page, abstract, main body and references. The title page must consist of the title of the paper, the name of the person who wrote it and the institution in which the writer is a student. Since the abstract seeks to explain the contents of the paper, it should contain the major points within the body. Then the main body of the research work should follow suit. It should contain a brief introduction, body and conclusion. Finally references should be provided in order to form a reference list and can also be used to build the in-text reference (Stolley par. 4). Other than APA, one can also opt to use MLA as his referencing style. The two styles are different. The following are some of the differences between MLA and APA. MLA (Modern Language Association) does not use headings and subheadings in their essays while APA (American Psychological Association) has several levels of headings and subheadings. When it comes to in-text citations, MLA uses signal phrase i.e. authors name then page number in brackets. For example; According to Charles Darwin, the world is evolving at alarming rate (50). Alternatively there can be no signal phrase with autho r name and page number in brackets (Rusell, Brizee Angeli 24). For example; it is seen that, â€Å"the world is evolving at an alarming rate† (Darwin 50). On the other hand APA uses signal phrase with author name then date in brackets i.e. Darwin (1998), noted that the world is evolving at an alarming rate or alternatively use of phrase with direct quote i.e. Darwin (1998) has indicated how â€Å"world has evolved at an alarming rate† (p.50). Another difference is block quotation where in MLA, the block quotations are used when the quotation is more than four lines long in the original text while in APA block quotations are used when quotation is more than forty words. Also it is worth to note that in MLA formatting both names of the author(s) are written in full starting with the last name and then the first name separated by a coma while in APA the author last name is written in full but the first name is designated with initials.Advertising Looking for essa y on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In MLA, the sources that are used to cite the research work are known as the works cited while in APA the very sources used to cite the research work are known as the reference list. However it should be noted that different articles have different formatting therefore it depends on the choice of the writer whether to use APA or MLA (UC Berkley Teaching Library Internet Workshops). A number of factors should be considered when utilizing Internet resources. First, one should always analyze the topic and search with a focused vision and this involves creating tools that would help in the process of searching. Such tools include directories and search engines. Second, it involves evaluating the web pages in order to ensure quality and authenticity of the research work. Third, the author should determine the style sheets for citing resources (i.e. MLA or APA). This should put into consideration both print and electronic. Last but not least an individual is expected to make a glossary of web and internet. When using Internet resources for research work, one should always open a new tab when searching for a different article. This is important because it makes it easier for the referencing work and also helps in avoidance of repetition of facts in the essay. An individual is expected to look for the bibliography of the research topic in order to obtain the reference list that will also be used in citation of the in-text (Stolley par. 7). Russell, Tony, Allen Brizee, and Elizabeth Angeli. MLA Formatting and Style Guide. The Purdue OWL. Purdue U Writing Lab, 4 Apr. 2010. Web. Stolley, Karl. MLA Formatting and Style Guide. The OWL at Purdue. 10 May 2006. Purdue University Writing Lab. 28 January 2011.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Comparison between MLA and APA Formatting specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn Mo re UC Berkley-Teaching Library Internet Workshops. Tutorial Table of Contents, 2005. Web.

Using the Snowflake Method to Write a Novel

Using the Snowflake Method to Write a Novel Using the Snowflake Method to Write a Novel In the annals of ‘unhelpful writing tips offered to first-time novelists,’ Neil Gaiman’s oft-quoted opinion takes the cake: â€Å"You sit down at the keyboard and you put one word after another until it’s done. It's that easy, and that hard.†If you’ve never written a novel before (and you don’t have an MFA in creative writing), it's only understandable that you’re daunted by the prospect of writing a book. This uncertainty is precisely why outlining systems, such as The Snowflake Method, are so appealing to developing writers.If you want to find out how to use the snowflake method, feel free to skip ahead to this section. But if you have a moment, let’s first look at the basics of this popular approach.What is the Snowflake Method?The Snowflake Method is an approach to writing that encourages starting with the simplest premise possible. From there, you systematically expand it to include plot and character details. Develop ed by American author, physicist, and writing coach Randy Ingermanson, the method's end result is a comprehensive character bible and scene list with which an author can begin the first draft.â€Å"My power flurries through the air into the ground. My soul is spiraling in frozen fractals all around† -   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Let It Go† from  Disney’s FrozenGiven Ingermanson’s background as a computational physicist, it should come as no surprise that his method was inspired by a mathematical principle known as a fractal. In particular, he references the Koch Snowflake to demonstrate how your story grows with each subsequent stage of the planning process.It's probably no surprise to you to learn that every writer uses a different outline. If you're curious about the general outlining process, we dive deeper into the topic in this post  on how to outline a novel. (Feel free to grab the free book outline template in there as well!) But for now, let's talk about the ad vantages of this particular method.What are the benefits of the snowflake method?Fans of Ingermanson’s method tend to enjoy how structured the process is. Not only does he lay out practical steps for outlining, but he also gives an idea of how long each step should take. For example, he suggests spending an hour on the very first step of honing a single-sentence story summary. Later on, when writing a character bible, he recommends spending a few hours on each character.Has the snowflake method worked for you before? Let us know how you find applying this to your own writing in the comments below!

Prehistoric, Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilizations Essay

Prehistoric, Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilizations - Essay Example The essay "Prehistoric, Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilizations" overviews some of the contributions from the Prehistoric, Egyptian and Mesopotamian Civilizations that still influence the modern world. For instance, the economic, that we practice in the modern times, is majorly influenced by the pre-historic times. Basic pottery and articles used in the homes of people are the contributions of the pre-historic civilizations. There are various contributions that the Egyptian civilization made in terms of humanistic grounds that are widely practiced in the present times. Despite the initial lack of alphabets, Egyptians were able to invent the art of expression through writing. Egyptians also made a groundbreaking contribution to astronomy. They created a calendar on the basis of prediction of an eclipse that was followed by sowing seeds and harvesting the crops. In addition, Egyptian civilization contributed in the field of medical as they were able to preserve the dead bodies by using compounds and mixtures. In this similar manner, they were able to undertake surgery. Mesopotamian civilizations left the tool i.e. art of creating artifacts that are used to represent the ideas and technology of the past for future generations. The irrigation system used in the present times has the base from the Mesopotamian civilization. Through the above assessment of different contributions from the three civilizations, it can be stated that present times are full of comforts and tools that were created in the past by our ancestors.

NIKE Stock Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

NIKE Stock Analysis - Research Paper Example The paper presents SWOT analysis that helps the company identify various parameters for strengths and weaknesses in a business scenario. Diversification procedure requires an established in the most viable way. This will make sure that the risk attribute is no longer a problem in any undertakings. The analysis of the company and its business depicts a variety of shoes products that displays at the company’s platform. Footwear and other athletic products and accessories make up a large part of the company’s priority areas. Other key products line includes the athletic apparel, sporting equipments, athletic shoes and other internationally recognized sports gear. The strategic analysis of Nike revolves around the strong point derived by the quality products offered by the company. In the footwear products and the apparel, a lot of innovation encompasses such moves and the final products of such innovation are a high quality tailor product that engages the user. The marketi ng inclination of Nike products reaches a substantial market segment. The advertising procedure employed by the company reveal many product features that correspond to the actual product components. A hugely weighty issue to put in to consideration is the quality of Nike's products. The quality achievement by Nike involved a lot of market research at the inception stage. This created a stable market grounds that has continued to ensure a high demand in the mainstream products. There is a revealed competitive strategy enjoyed on a exceptionally strong point.The concentration of the company in to a large product offering is indifference. Differentiated strategy works well with Nike. The company encounters a lot of competition. Companies like Abercrombie & Fitch offers to compete products in the same field of business. Nike engages in product variation. This aims to see to it that its products meet every day specific needs of its customers. The long-standing culture of the company requ ires a through products review so that a high and top priority is concentrated to the home products.A high corporate culture strengthens the company’s long-term existence in its business industry. Employee loyalty and product branding necessitated a need for company branding. The achievement of such a task had an overhaul in the overall marketing strategy of the firm. Coffee cups branding and engrossing â€Å"Nike† influenced the product line of products. This further increases a high sense of promotion to the corporate company image. Nike’s headquarters does not appear like a normal office. It is branded the name â€Å"campus† to create a positive sense to the employee’s welfare. The players in the industry cohabitate in an extraordinarily way Growth Strategy of the Firm Nike’s strategy of growth focuses on the sale increment by â€Å"40% by 2015†. The demands for the products produced by Nike are attributable to technological advanc ement. An example can be the Nikeplus.com that has about three million followers or members. There is still a focus to concentrate much on women’s product since there is an emerging demand in today’s world. This is because of women involvement in major sporting activities than ever before.

Philippine Poetry Essay Example for Free

Philippine Poetry Essay Even before the foreign invaders came to the Philippines, the Filipinos already had their own cultural traditions, folklore, mythologies and epics. There were substantial writings by early natives that Jesuit historian Fr. Pedro Chirino noted: All of the islanders are much given to reading and writing. And there is hardly a man, much less a woman who did not read and write. Epics are stories that are written in poetic form. They are usually described to display such tremendous vitality, color and imagination. Epic stories are tales about love and adventures of native heroes. The heroes adventures are usually about how they become endowed with powers from the gods, battle monsters, triumph over formidable armies, ride the wind, travel on flying shields and protect the earliest communities of the islands. Through the years, epic poems have grown and matured. Early historians like Padre Colin, Joaquin Martinez de Zuniga and Antonio Pigafetta have all attested to the existence of these epics. At the arrival of Don Miguel Lopez de Legaspi in 1565, it was reported, the natives presented him with a dramatic play. During festivities and special occasions, epic poems and songs area performed. Most often, these epic poems (folk epics or ethno-epics) were titled after the names of the hero involved, except for some which carry traditional titles like the Kalinga Ulalim; the Sulod Hinilawod; the Maranao Darangan; or the Bicol Ibalon. Old Time History, as stories about folk heroes of long ago are referred to, is used to study the lifestyle and beliefs of the people of that time. They were also referred to as lost, because they were soon forgotten by natives influenced heavily by Spanish and western colonization. It has been said that during the early days of the Spanish intrusions, the priests destroyed all existing records of paganism, as well as all forms of writing and art work regarding the ancient Philippine folk heroes. This has been proven to be false due to the fact that the early epic poetry is still known and used at present as reference in studies of the past especially the lifestyle, love and aspirations of the early Filipinos. This valuable inheritance from the past must be preserved for this can be used as a proof for national identity. It is from these that a Filipino can feel heroic, truly pulsating with splendor of a magnificent and authentic cultural force. Being composed of thousands of islands, it is no wonder that the country is rich in culture and tradition with various influences in different parts of the nation. As a result, the Philippines has become a melting pot of nations and is a source of a rich variety of culture and stories. The following are some examples of the epic poetry found in the country.

hip hop Essay -- essays research papers

Have you ever heard someone say, "I hate all music."? Lately though music has been criticized for corrupting teen's minds. Hip Hop is being blamed for all the crimes and murders in cities all over America and heavy metal is being blamed for giving teens only dark images and thoughts in their minds. First we must ask what Hip Hop is to us or to others, who simply don’t know or may never feel our movement in society. This form of poetry and story telling has took growth from within a deprived New York neighborhood during 1970s is spread worldwide, even non-english speaking countries strive on our message to help their culture the light. Hip Hop has taken my generation in open arms and speaks the truth to those, who listen. We are more motive and attentive , better focus I believe then any generation before us. In the United States we take pride in ourselves as being the freest nation in the world. Unfortunately, there are times in our history in which certain groups have been unrightfully deprived of their freedom. This can be said for Americans who endured years of ignorant and another century of unawareness. Is which I think started the late 1970s signaled a new era of rhythmic and linguistic wealth: rap music. Hip hop and in particular rap music gives people on the margins of society a powerful voice to express political discontent. While political discontent is expressed through all the elements of hip hop, rap music has bec...

Emily Dickinson vs. Robert Frost Essay

Darkness is usually associated with fear or the unknown. As children, we are afraid of the unknown under our bed that darkness brings, which, in turn, makes our imaginations run wild, creating monsters, ghosts, and of course, the occasional boogeyman. Even as adults, we still have an antipathy to drive at night or go walking alone in the darkness. So it only makes sense that darkness is used in all forms of art to symbolize some kind of fear, unknown thing or place, or a mournful state. Within the world of poetry, the contrast of light and dark can be seen in hundreds of poems, including â€Å"We Grow Accustomed to the Dark† by Emily Dickinson and â€Å"Acquainted with the Night† by Robert Frost where the darkness symbolizes something much deeper than just fear. Both poems, â€Å"We grow accustomed to the Dark† and â€Å"Acquainted with the night† use the elements of Light and Dark as symbols within the speakers’ lives. In â€Å"Acquainted with the night† the speaker talks of darkness as his past experiences, most of them not good, and perhaps the depression that accompanied them. He says, â€Å"I have walked out in the rain and back in the rain,† meaning he has been through events, emotion, and sorrows through his life several times, but has managed to come through each one. He talks of how he has seen lugubrious moments when he says, â€Å"I have looked down the saddest city lane.† However, he is either ashamed or just unwilling to elaborate on his experiences in the line, â€Å"I have passed by the watchman on his beat and dropped my eyes, unwilling to explain.† The speaker’s depression is so deep; he feels he has no hope or way of recovering. This is said in the line, â€Å"I have outwalked the furthest city light.† When the speaker gives descriptions of â€Å"the sound of feet† and â€Å"an interrupted cry,† it gives the reader a sense of blindness and furthering the speaker’s darkness and uncertainty of his life. The light that is shed by the â€Å"luminary clock† or the moon shows the prolonging of time that the speaker has to wait for something, possibly hope, to renew the â€Å"light† in his life. The speaker in â€Å"We grow accustomed to the dark† talks of similar things. He talks of problems most face throughout life and difficult decisions that are unavoidable. The darkness in this poem, much like Robert Frost’s, does not talk of literal darkness, but emotional darkness of the speaker. However, he  does not talk about dark as life in general. In the line â€Å"As when the Neighbor holds the Lamps to witness her Goodbye,† Dickinson saying that other people may hold â€Å"light†, meaning hope, faith, or happiness, but sometimes darkness is inevitable. He articulates that when good things are taken away from a person’s life, he must adjust his perception to the â€Å"darkness.† This is said in the line â€Å"Then-fit our Visions to the Dark-. † Then, when he talks of the moon having to sign, he says that not even the moon, usually the brightest light at night, cannot give him hope. He says that brave people will search for things but only fail. That people try to run away from the darkness within them and try to deny it. But in the line â€Å"And sometimes hit a Tree† shows that even when you run from a problem or try to deny it, there will be other problems you run into. However, this halt in moving on only makes that person stronger and wiser, learning from his mistakes. He says the only way to find oneself when there is no light or goodness is to move forward and adjust. The two poems are structured very differently. While Emily Dickinson uses short phrases with long sentences, Robert Frost uses whole sentences that flow easily. In â€Å"We grow accustomed to the dark,† the short words or phrases clumped together add emphasis and description. These cut phrases symbolize inner conflict or struggle within the speaker. The line â€Å"As when the Neighbor holds the Lamp† is one of the few lines that does not have a dash at the end. This is because the light illuminates the darkness, destroying the struggle. Dickinson adds these descriptive phrases to give more imagery to the poem. But still, each phrase and stanza fits with the next, adding to the whole picture of a lightless midnight. An example of the preponderance of dashes and their symbolizism is seen in the line â€Å"Or Star-come out-within-. † This line is about the mental darkness with no solution or â€Å"light† and the amount of dashes adds emphasis to the hopelessness in the search for light. â€Å"Acquainted with the Night,† Frost uses sentences that flow lightly from one to another. This gives the poem an effect of movement. It is read like a story, making it easy for the reader to connect things within the poem. Frost also uses a very steady rhyming scheme to draw the poem all together as whole. The rhyming at the end that corresponds to the beginning brings the reader back to the start of the poem, similar to a  circle and symbolizes the speaker’s recurring sadness. Everyone experiences dark times in his life-some more than others-with what seems like a never ending battle. These two poems, with two different experiences of darkness, tell us that there have been people who went through the same darkness we may be going through. Their dominance through the seemingly maelstrom night gives us hope for a better day. Dickinson and Frost have shed some light into an increasingly darkened world.

Global Opportunities for Pounder Bicycle Company Essay

Business firms struggle to remain global in scope and these organizations are faced with several challenges in there contemporary business dealings and there is a requirement for such firms to struggle for there continued existence. Research indicates that business environment keeps on varying as these organizations endeavour to sustain their market share as well as provide quality products/services to there clientele. Business environment entails both internal and external features that may influence upon the expansion and general performance of the business. Contemporary firms are required to construct economic and political links that typically take the structure of transfer of goods, finances and populace across national boundaries. This phase of relationships has in the process witnessed combined sharing of information and philosophies that has led to enhancement in the swiftness of change, ambiguity, uncertainty, and impulsiveness in day to day business undertakings (Lee and Carter, 2005). This paper will therefore examine Australian business environment and particularly examine the current political, economic, social-cultural, technological and legal environmental factors that impacts business entry to Australia. It will further examines the concept of globalization with relevance to Pounder Bicycle Company’s competitors, overall market size, marketing strategies, market entry strategies, project costs and the benefits that the company will attain if it will succeed in Australia. Australia Environmental Analysis Political  Political factors may have a direct and indirect effect on the performance of the Pounder Bicycle Company. Some of the decisions made by the Australian government may impact negatively on the operations of Pounder Bicycle. For instance, the decision to minimize the production and marketing of high performance bicycles to countries believed to be a threat to Australian local industries. This will definitely have huge implications to the company particularly in the marketing of bicycles in Australia. Economic Every business organization including Pounder Bicycle Company is affected by economic factors. Fiscal policy rates, inflation, interest rate policy, cash exchange rates, monetary policy and consumer factors among other economic factors set forth in Australia may have an impact on the company’s undertakings in Australia. Research indicates that the Australian climate of the economy dictates how the consumer behaves in the economy. Australian economy is reported to be in a boom thus there is increased speculation that the company’s customers can obtain the bicycles comfortably i. e. comfortable with the prices of the array of bicycles. Opportunities for the company however exist since Australia government opts cycling of tourists meaning there is market for the bicycles because it supports the economic growth of Australia (Austroads, 1999). Social-Cultural Forces within the Australian community such as family, friends and media will have an impact on how Pounder’s Bicycles will perform in the market. Research reveals that in Australia, many customers have been misinformed to believe that bicycles from Australia only are of quality and of high quality thus those coming from outside Australia may be of low quality. Such social factors affect the customer’s attitude, opinions and interests on how they will approach the Pounder’s bicycles in Australian market. Technological The way Pounder Bicycle Company will operate its business will also depend on technology changes. The internet will boost the company’s chances to meet new markets in Australia and extend its global outreach. However, it can be noted that the company will not require high technological inventions since it will manufacture traditional bicycles and market the bicycles in Australia. Legal  The way the company will operate in terms of operating rules of law in Australia will matter a lot. The company will be engaged in legal business practice of marketing bicycles which is permitted by Australian law. Therefore Pounder Company will not be against the Australian law thus it will be an ideal opportunity for the company to market its bicycles in its new market i. e. Oceania Australia (Cycling Promotion Fund, 2006). Industry Analysis Australia is one of the most powerful nations in the world boasting of a well-built society, politics, customs and economy. It has contributed significantly to the entire economy of Europe and the entire world today over the past. Right from the beginning of European incorporation, it has been a main contributor to the expansion of the European Union and it is looked upon as one of the pillars of the continent and the European Union at large. Australia is vigorously concerned in almost every phase of the European Union and the most outstanding ones are; provision of political leadership, military relations, economies, diplomacy and policy making. Sale of bicycles in Australia is a popular market since many of the individuals living in Oceania use bicycles to travel to workplaces and learning institutions among other places. Research indicates that bicycles in Australia are popular means of transport since many people believe that the use of such bicycles are of great benefits particularly health benefits i. e. by riding bicycles to various places it is a way of exercise thus individuals have no need to go to gyms for further practise. The growth of bicycle industry can be traced back to 17th century in Australia which by then bicycles were the most popular and convenient way of transport in the country. Good economy, stable exchange rates, flexible import duties, better trade tariffs and more importantly, the single currency used by the two countries are factors that promotes international marketing. Europeanization has directly affected the governments of the member states; this means that the developments that Australia has gained so far in culturally and domestically are linked to the European Union’s progress (Hill, 2005). The comments by the Minister of Transport of Australia and Regional Services Mr. John Anderson that the enhancement of the total of secure cycling in Australia will improve the Australian well being automatically indicates that the bicycle industry in Australia is popular and therefore Pounder Bicycle Company has the opportunity to utilize such ready markets in Australia. The minister further believes that a raise in cycling will advance transportation access for lots of the local people in Australia, amplify levels of personal health and also trim down the greenhouse emanations, air contamination and traffic jams. Further more, cyclists and non-cyclists will gain from lesser health expenditure in the society, a smaller amount of traffic on Australian infrastructure and more importantly enjoy cleaner air (Cycling Promotion Fund, 2006). Therefore with such reasons and intentions by the Australian government it implies that cycling is more encouraged and thus Pounder Bicycle Company can venture in Australia since it will face no hostility or lack of market for the bicycles since the government of Australia encourages individuals to use bicycles in their day to day activities. Further, the size of bicycle market in Australia is reportedly to be approximately over a billion dollars at retail level per year; adults in this case are highest buyers or owners of the bicycles as compared to children. Also there are a variety of bicycles being sold by different companies who manufacture bicycles in Australia; many have emphasized on the comfort and speed of such bikes. Therefore with such industry trends in Australia Pounder Bicycle Company will have the opportunity of selling traditional bicycles to Australians since research indicates that such types of bicycles are on the decline (Cycling Promotion Fund, 2006). Market Pounder Bicycle Company should not concentrate on the Australian bicycle market but instead should identify particular market segments which will record high sales of traditional markets. Therefore the company will have not to compete in the entire market but rather identify its strongest segments that will ensure success of the company in Australia. Pounder Bicycle Company should utilize encirclement strategies for winning the competitors in Australian bicycle market. Such a strategy is also referred to as envelopment strategy and it is considered subtle, moderate and a bit non-offensive but dangerous way of offending the rival. Pounder Bicycle Company can utilize two ways using his approach. First, the company can introduce broad range of bicycles that are alike to the competitor’s bicycles and each of these bicycles will get a share of the same market the competitor is currently in. In the long term, the rival will be demoralized, undermined and depressed thus the competitor at large may opt to give up the market. Such technique will ensure that full scale confrontation is avoided between the company and the target competitors in Australia (Brassington and Pettitt, 2000). The second approach that the company may utilize is that approach of market niches rather than concentrating on bicycles themselves. In this approach, the market share is liberated from the target competitor via the expansion of market niches that surround it. With such strategies therefore the company can achieve substantial market share which will eventually leads to success of the company in the long-run (Brassington and Pettitt, 2000). Market Entry Since Pounder Bicycle Company has opted to go international i. e. enter Australian market several market entry strategies are available to the company to utilize. However, such entry strategies differ with cost, risk and the degree of control which can be put into effect over them with particular regards to security of markets i. e. whether it will be successful. Pounder Bicycle Company should utilize the indirect method of entry to Australian market: Under indirect exporting market entry strategy, an exporter can access foreign market free from risks of doing it directly. It will involve Pounder Bicycle Company using independent organizations within the Australia’s domestic markets. The company can do this through various ways; for example, a domestic based export merchants, who will take the title of the bicycles and sells them in Australia, domestic based export agents who sell and market the bicycles on behalf of the company and co-operative organizations who act on behalf of the company. Pounder Bicycle Company should utilize such strategy by either choosing to use one of the above methods of indirect exporting because of the following advantages; communication is very much easy because the exporting company is domestically based and the risks of investing are much lower than coming up with full market in the host country i. e. in Australia (Kotler, Armstrong, Saunders, and Wong, 1999). Project Costs and Financing The whole project of entering the Australian market will require Pounder Bicycle Company to have substantial amount of resources in order to ensure the success of the firm in its business endeavours. The cost of entering the market for instance may be high thus necessitating the company to look for alternative way of sourcing funds. Further the cost of materials to manufacture enough bicycles to be sold in Australia may be high. The company therefore can utilize its own resources i. e. its savings although it should not exhaust all the financial resources in such venture because business entails risk taking. Therefore, the company should opt for loans from financial institutions in order to combine such funds with the internal financial resources that it has. Clear financial forecasting as well as financial cash budgets should be prepared by the company’s management in order to spend the financial resources effectively and wisely. HR Issues and Organization Structure Pounder Bicycle Company will be faced by issue of workforce diversity which is the spread of human labor across the entire globe irrespective of their area of specialization and skills entailed. The existence of the globalization concept have been realized when diverse patterns in workforce are put into consideration. Pounder Bicycle Company will also employ people from the host country i. e. Australia thus the firm will have to adhere to rules and regulations set forth for businesses in Australia regarding employer-employee relationships (Hoyer, 2001). The most excellent means Pounder Bicycle Company can openly develop its financial performance in the industry is to employ, choose and train the right personnel. The most excellent strategic exercise to realize this goal is to carry out what is usually termed as job-fit practice. Such practice is practical to the company since the workforce to be recruited will not be required to undertake further extensive training but carry out their responsibilities right away applying their skills gained somewhere else. Organizational effectiveness can only be achieved if the management of the company is be able to incorporate good leadership, motivation, a well defined organizational structure, forming group dynamics and setting up good structures for communicating in the workplace. Pounder Bicycle Company should formulate a flexible organization structure in the sense that they should be ready to cope with change without affecting their productivity especially when it intends to go international (Cullen and Parboteeah, 2005). Strategic Benefits to Pounder Bicycle Company An analysis of business environment will help the company to know of all the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that the company will face in there quest to expand to Australian market. Therefore the company will be able to consider the following factors: The speed of entering the Oceania market, flexibility/free and exit barriers, the costs to be incurred when entering Oceania market, the risks inherent in the course of entering the market, period of payback/how quick the firm can start earning the returns or proceeds from such investments and the company’s long run goals among other factors will be clearly known in advance. With ascertainment of the above factors therefore, Pounder Bicycle Company will be able to identify its strategic benefits form any opportunities that exist in the Australian market. For instance, the company will benefit from large market share since there is high demand of bicycles in Australia thus the company will realize substantial revenues because of high sales. The company will also strategize well in Australia thus being able to compete effectively with its both local and international competitors (Lovelock, 2006). Conclusion Business environment keeps on changing because of globalization and the concept of international businesses. Businesses therefore are faced with a lot of threats as well as have a lot of opportunities brought about by such aspects of business world. To attain greater investments and better market opportunities in the international market, it is necessary that primary and secondary market research is done (Cullen and Parboteeah, 2005).

Free Essays on Politics

The argument that I chose to analyze is one of Cynthia McKinney and her thoughts on the terrorist attacks on September 11th and America’s â€Å"War on Terrorism†. Cynthia deals with a few different arguments in one passage. I do not know if it is possible to say that her argument is both good and bad but I think some aspects of her argument are good and some very bad. My assessment will show you why I feel this way. In her argument she accuses the President and his administration of knowing about the attacks, but keeping quite about the attacks for reasons of personal financial gain. Cynthia also contends that others knew about the attacks such as our elected officials and the media and need to be held accountable. She also states that the â€Å"War on Terrorism,† is a gateway of rights violations that target different races by committing racial profiling. In Cynthia’s first claim, that the President had personal financial gain her conclusion statement is: Persons close to the Administration (Bush’s) are poised to make huge profits off America’s new War. McKinney supports this conclusion with four premises. Premise number one: Former Bush sits on the board of the Carlyle group (Established in 1987, The Carlyle Group is a private global investment firm that originates, structures and acts as lead equity investor in management-led buyouts, strategic minority equity investments, equity private placements, consolidations and buildups, and growth capital financings). Premise number two: The Los Angeles Times reports that on a single day, Carlyle earned $237 million selling shares in United Defense industries, the Army’s fifth largest contractor. Premise number three: The stock offering was well timed; Carlyle officials say they decided to take the company public only after September 11th. Premise number four : The stock sale cashed in on increased congressional support for hefty defense spending, including one of United ... Free Essays on Politics Free Essays on Politics The argument that I chose to analyze is one of Cynthia McKinney and her thoughts on the terrorist attacks on September 11th and America’s â€Å"War on Terrorism†. Cynthia deals with a few different arguments in one passage. I do not know if it is possible to say that her argument is both good and bad but I think some aspects of her argument are good and some very bad. My assessment will show you why I feel this way. In her argument she accuses the President and his administration of knowing about the attacks, but keeping quite about the attacks for reasons of personal financial gain. Cynthia also contends that others knew about the attacks such as our elected officials and the media and need to be held accountable. She also states that the â€Å"War on Terrorism,† is a gateway of rights violations that target different races by committing racial profiling. In Cynthia’s first claim, that the President had personal financial gain her conclusion statement is: Persons close to the Administration (Bush’s) are poised to make huge profits off America’s new War. McKinney supports this conclusion with four premises. Premise number one: Former Bush sits on the board of the Carlyle group (Established in 1987, The Carlyle Group is a private global investment firm that originates, structures and acts as lead equity investor in management-led buyouts, strategic minority equity investments, equity private placements, consolidations and buildups, and growth capital financings). Premise number two: The Los Angeles Times reports that on a single day, Carlyle earned $237 million selling shares in United Defense industries, the Army’s fifth largest contractor. Premise number three: The stock offering was well timed; Carlyle officials say they decided to take the company public only after September 11th. Premise number four : The stock sale cashed in on increased congressional support for hefty defense spending, including one of United ...

Trying to Self-Publish

Trying to Self-Publish This post is also available in a podcast:  https://soundcloud.com/hopeclark/trying-to-self-publish (or click on image at bottom of page). Saw this phrase twice recently, on two different blogs. Trying to self publish. Those words irritate me like fingernails on a chalk board, fork tines on china, grinding teeth.  You get the point. But probably not in the manner I mean . . . the manner I want to hammer home. And I love to hammer home points.People are entitled to self-publish. Of course they are. Ive self-published. Im a hybrid with my nonfiction being self-published (The Shy Writer Reborn) and my fiction traditionally published (The Carolina Slade Mystery Series), and if Carolina Slade ever gets dropped But Ill tell you one thing . . . I wont TRY to self-publish her. Ill go out there, jump in with both feet and damn well DO it. Whats with this trying business? I grasp TRYING to traditionally publish, because there are so many gatekeepers who have to give you that magical nod for it to happen. You TRY because someone else opens the door for you. If they dont open the door, you dont publish, at least with them. Okay, makes sense. But you dont TRY to self publish. I didnt TRY squat when I self-published. I made up my mind to self-pub and did it. Its like being pregnant. You are or you arent. You self-pub or you dont. I think because we have options with self-publishing, you know, without all the gatekeepers telling us what we can do, we call it trying. But when I looked up TRYING in the dictionary, the  crankier I got at those who say they TRY to self-publish. TRY: 1) to make an effort to do something : to attempt to accomplish or complete something. 2) to do or use (something) in order to see if it works or will be successful. 3) to do or use (something) in order to find out if you like it. Thats straight out of Merriam-Webster, honey. In The Shy Writer Reborn, I harp on removing words like BUT, ONLY, NOT, NEVER and JUST from your vocabulary when speaking of your writing abilities and efforts. Its self-deprecating. From The Shy Writer Reborn, page 41: Ever catch yourself studying someone successful, not necessarily rich and powerful, but someone maybe only a few notches above your common quest. In seconds, you allow a sense of discouragement to drape over your shoulders, oppressing you with the idea you cant be that good. You see a familys portrait, love their captured laughter, then hate the fact you are no longer close to your sister. You bite into a cake made in heaven and kick yourself for stopping at the bakery instead of making your pie from scratch. You read a published book in your genre, in a setting youve used, possibly centered around a character not too far distant from your own, and you curse about being too inept a writer to do as well as that author. We hobble ourselves so that others cant point fingers first. If we know we are less than stellar, nobody can surprise us with accusations. Its a way of protecting ourselves from rejection. Id like to add the word TRY to that list of words that hold us back. Avoid disclaimer words. People gravitate to confident people. They dont want to be around people who are TRYING to be good. They want to be around good people. They dont want to read books from people who TRIED self-publishing. They want to be around those who confidently published their book. A favorite saying of mine is simply this: OWN WHAT YOU CHOOSE TO DO. Pick your path then strike out without looking back. Stomp that trail. March to your drummer. Sling  your writing  into the bright sunshine using all the power and talent you have. Sling it hard. You want the world to read every word. This work is your legacy. You dont try to publishyou publish. You dont try to write wellyou write well. You dont try to promote your workyou promote your work. If you think youve written and edited something worth publishing . . . If you think youre ready to see your work in print . . . If you think youre ready to sell your work with confidence, then do it. Do it loud, hard, with passion. Be not afraid to let the human race know what youve done. The minute you say you are TRYING to do something, I hear hesitation and self-doubt as do agents, readers, publishers, editors, and more. Im telling you, owning who you are and what you do is powerful, and more than a few people will look twice at you, wanting a taste of that youre drinking, because whatever it is, it makes you appear more alive than they are. You can TRY or you can DO. Readers can tell the difference.

Art and Architecture of Africa-Pictures Assignment

Art and Architecture of Africa-Pictures - Assignment Example The function of the object: the masks were worn during ceremonies such as circumcision, initiation and funeral ceremonies. They were a sign of authority and were also worn by the Bwadi ya Kifwebe association which was a policing society that provided control and behavior in the community. The function of the object: these sculptures were made to complement the reliquary containers and were ancestral representations that were memorized and addressed in times of need through relics that were preserved in the attached container (Kowalski, pg12). The function of the object: the object was used in Mukudj dances that were commissioned by the community leaders in memory of a great person or the visit of an honorable individual in the community (Bingham, pg33). The function of the object: they were placed on the top of the baskets containing the bones of the ancestors to act as guardians of the bones and at the same time ward off the evil spirits (Dowling, pg50). Kowalski, Marek Arpad. Art and history: incidental notes on carvings of the Fang tribe in the collections of the National Museum of Ethnography in Warsaw. Warsaw: National Museum of Ethnography in Warsaw, 19751976.

Accounting Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Accounting Assignment - Essay Example The culprit can be seen to be the ballooning of expenses. It should be noted that depreciation and amortization registers 165% growth while other selling and administration expense records higher growth of 178%. To make matters worse, finance costs more than tripled at 355% from 2003 to 2007. Turning to the balance sheet accounts of the business organization, it should be noted that the mounting finance costs can be traced to the ballooning of assets which is unmatched by the growth in equity. This indicates that the company’s acquisition of asset is financed by the more costly liabilities. Logically, when Best resort to its creditors to finance the acquisition of its assets, it incurs the obligation to pay interest at specific intervals thus boosting its finance cost. The company’s cash account grew weakly at 18% during the seven-year period. Table 2 highlights the financial ratios of Best from 2003 to 2007 utilizing the selected data provided. In terms of profitability, the year 2007 saw a decline both in return to assets and return to ordinary shareholders. It should be noted that this decline indicates the company’s inability to create net income which adds to shareholder wealth and value to its assets. From the high return of shareholder’s equity ratio of .25 in 2006, this slumped to .12 in 2007 meaning that for every dollar invested in the company’s stocks, a shareholder gets 12 cents in 2007 compared to the 25 cents in 2006. Asset turnover also declined from 0.53 to 0.47 signaling lower asset utilization and possibly an inability to maximize the company’s resources. Profit margin ratio is also in decline from .18 to 0.09. The decrease in profitability ratios from the good performance in 2006 can be an indication of company’s difficulty of providing profits to its stakeholders. Consistent with the observation above, the company’s debt to

International Business and Trade. WTO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Business and Trade. WTO - Essay Example The widest application of the protectionist movement is in the incubation of new industries which by themselves cannot survive the harsh realities if the competitive market, the idea being the protection will be withdrawn once the company is established (Iowa State university, n.d.). This concept is however extended in modern times and as captured by the events of the case study evolved to be proactive rather than reactive, where we see that the European Countries, namely France, Germany, Spain and Great Britain formed an alliance whose sole purpose was to gather enough capital to birth and sustain an aircraft manufacturing business with enough resources to effectively compete with the hitherto world monopoly of US based Boeing, the result of which was the birth of Airbus (Holmes, 2004). Given its current market strength, Boeing was enjoying vast economies of scale thus posing a significant barrier to entry to any interested private firm, and in the absence of competitive forces, concentrated more in research and development rather than marketing, and thus when they interfered with this monopoly power, the European governments eroded Boeing's potential returns from its investment, thus interfering with the market mechanism, and hence the first issue/conflict of the study. The second issue has to do with the governments' support of private enterprise, especially as it relates to the struggle that exists between one side trying to eliminate while the other struggles to sustain a major world monopoly. As mentioned above the aircraft industry is extensively capital intensive, and whatever labour is involved is highly skilled and specialized, as evidenced by the investments in Research and Development by both sides of the conflict presented in the study. The world authority on trade, the World Trade Organization clearly prohibits the support of private enterprise by governments and other public entities. Differences in terms of reference is also a major issue that has been highlighted in the case study. The Americans do not consider the massive government contracts that were awarded to Boeing as any form of government support, that is they argue that they did not interfere with the market but rather only participated in it, in a willing buyer willing seller fashion. This is of course in sharp contrast with the Europeans' initial direct capital investment into Airbus, let alone the continuing capital inflows into the company for continuing research and development in the form of very soft loans. The effect of governments' activities on both sides is basically the same, essentially to strengthen the respective aircraft manufacturers, therefore the argument lies in channels through which support was availed, rather than whether it was actually availed or not. The relation of the above activities to protectionism is where we find on one side a government being the largest and most lucrative domestic customer to the company, thereby not only preventing any foreign competition in the domestic market, but also propelling it into world dominance (fulfilling the mercantilist view of what protectionism is all about) and preventing other foreign nations from producing the same product and

The Ecology Environment And Tourism Tourism Essay

The Ecology Environment And Tourism Tourism Essay Today, tourism is one of the largest and dynamically developing sectors of external economic activities. Its high growth and development rates, considerable volumes of foreign currency inflows, infrastructure development, and introduction of new management and educational experience actively affect various sectors of economy, which positively contribute to the social and economic development of the country as a whole. Most highly developed western countries, such as Austria, Italy, and Switzerland have accumulated a big deal of their social and economic welfare on profits from tourism. According to recent statistics, tourism provides about 10% of the worlds income and employs almost one tenth of the worlds workforce. All considered, tourisms actual and potential economic impact is astounding. Many people emphasize the positive aspects of tourism as a source of foreign exchange, a way to balance foreign trade, an industry without chimney In short, manna from heaven. But there are also a number of other positive and negative sides of tourisms economic boom for local communities, which not always considered by advocates of tourism perspectives. Therefore in this paper I will consider the main social and environment impacts of tourism at the country level. Travel and tourism does not necessarily involve travelling abroad. Much tourism takes place within peoples home country, on visits to attractions, city breaks, trips to business meetings, sports events or concerts, and visits to friends and relatives (abbreviated as VFR). There are three main types of tourism: domestic tourism, incoming or inbound tourism and outbound tourism. According to World Tourism Organisation (WTO) affiliated to the United Nations and recognised as the leading international body on global tourism tourism is defined as: The activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes. World Tourism Organisation, 1993 Domestic Tourism: This is when people take holidays, short breaks and day trips in their own country. Examples would be: A couple taking a weekend break in their own country; A family visiting relations in another part of the country, even if they live only a few miles away. Incoming / Inbound Tourism: This describes people entering the country in question from their home country, so it is a type of international tourism. Examples could be: A group of Chinese visitors coming to Egypt on a recreational trip; Teams from different countries entering a country for an international event, such as the Olympic Games; Outbound Tourism: This term applies when people travel away from their home country to visit other international countries for leisure or business. Examples of this could be: Business people from the India travelling to Germany to visit a major exhibition; A day tripper from southern Malaysia visiting Singapore. It is possible to divide the components of the travel and tourism industry into six key areas, as represented in the Figure below, IMPACTS OF TOURISM Tourism has three major impacts namely, Socio-cultural, environmental and economic impacts. SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACT OF TOURISM Tourism may have many different effects on the social and cultural aspects of life in a particular region or area, depending on the cultural and religious strengths of that region. The interaction between tourists and the host community can be one of the factors that may affect a community as tourist may not be sensitive to local customs, traditions and standards. The effect can be positive or negative on the host community. Positive impacts on an area include benefits such as: Local community can mix with people from diverse backgrounds with different lifestyles which through demonstration effect may lead to the development of improved lifestyles and practices from the tourists examples. There can be an improvement in local life through better local facilities and infrastructure (developed to sustain tourism) which could lead to better education, health care, employment opportunities and income. More cultural and social events available for local people such as entertainment, exhibitions etc. Conservation of local and cultural heritage of an area and rebirth of its crafts, architectural traditions and ancestral heritage; Urban areas which may be in decline can be revived and the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas for employment may be reversed as jobs will be available in the tourism industry. Dubai is an ideal example of a tourist destination which has reaped the benefits of the positive impact of development, on the socio-cultural aspects of in the country. As noticed, considerable financial investment by both public and private sectors has resulted in development of the existing infrastructure and to job creation. Archaeological and heritage sites have been preserved, and local traditions are maintained. The hospitable culture of the Arab world and acceptance of others lifestyles implying that tourists are welcomed but do not threaten existing ways of life. However, tourism may have negative effects on an area, such as, Existing infrastructure (roads, railways, health care provision) may not be able to cope with the greater stress created by influx of people by tourism. Local populations activities and lifestyles may suffer intrusion from tourists leading to resentment towards tourists. The local population may copy lifestyles of tourists through the demonstration effect and the result could be loss to local customs and traditions as well as standards of behaviour. Increased crime could develop through decline in moral values, leading to greed and jealousy of wealthier visitors. Traditional industries may be lost and local goods substituted by imported and mass-produced goods which lack authenticity but appeal to a mass market. Tourists may act in an anti-social manner which could cause offence to the local population. Unless sufficient information is provided by the host nation and tourist providers on the standards of behaviour expected in that area, local populations come to resent tourists and act aggressively towards them. Language barriers between the tourist and the host community which may create communication problems. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TOURISM Negative impacts from tourism occur when the level of visitor use is greater than the environments ability to cope with this use within the acceptable limits of change. Uncontrolled conventional tourism poses potential threats to many natural areas around the world. It can put enormous pressure on an area and lead to impacts such as soil erosion, increased pollution, discharges into the sea, natural habitat loss, increased pressure on endangered species and heightened vulnerability to forest fires. It often puts a strain on water resources, and it can force local populations to compete for the use of critical resources. The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made, is essential to tourism. However, tourisms relationship with the environment is complex. It involves many activities that can have adverse environmental effects. The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy the environmental resources on which it depends. On the other hand, tourism has the potential to create beneficial effects on the environment by contributing to environmental protection and conservation. It is a way to raise awareness of environmental values and it can serve as a tool to finance protection of natural areas and increase their economic importance. Direct impact on natural resources, both renewable and non-renewable, in the provision of tourist facilities can be caused by the use of land for accommodation and other infrastructure provision, and the use of building materials. Water, and especially fresh water, is one of the most critical natural resources. The tourism industry generally overuses water resources for hotels, swimming pools, golf courses and personal use of water by tourists. This can result in water shortages and degradation of water supplies, as well as generating a greater volume of waste water. Forests often suffer negative impacts of tourism in the form of deforestation caused by fuel wood collection and land clearing. For example, one trekking tourist in Nepal and area already suffering the effects of deforestation can use four to five kilograms of wood a day. In areas with high concentrations of tourist activities and appealing natural attractions, waste disposal is a serious problem and improper disposal can be a major despoiler of the natural environment rivers, scenic areas, and roadsides. Solid waste and littering can degrade the physical appearance of the water and shoreline and cause the death of marine animals. Construction of ski resort accommodation and facilities frequently requires clearing forested land. Coastal wetlands are often drained and filled due to lack of more suitable sites for construction of tourism facilities and infrastructure. These activities can cause severe disturbance and erosion of the local ecosystem, even destruction in the long term. Source: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2001 ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF TOURISM Tourisms economic benefits are touted by the industry for a variety of reasons. Claims of tourisms economic significance give the industry greater respect among the business community, public officials, and the public in general. This often translates into decisions or public policies that are favourable to tourism. Community support is important for tourism, as it is an activity that affects the entire community. Tourism businesses depend extensively on each other as well as on other businesses, government and residents of the local community. Economic benefits and costs of tourism reach virtually everyone in the region in one way or another. Economic impact analyses provide tangible estimates of these economic interdependencies and a better understanding of the role and importance of tourism in a regions economy. Tourism activity also involves economic costs, including the direct costs incurred by tourism businesses, government costs for infrastructure to better serve tourists, as well as congestion and related costs borne by individuals in the community. Community decisions over tourism often involve debates between industry proponents touting tourisms economic impacts (benefits) and detractors emphasizing tourisms costs. Sound decisions rest on a balanced and objective assessment of both benefits and costs and an understanding of who benefits from tourism and who pays for it. Tourisms economic impacts are therefore an important consideration in state, regional and community planning and economic development. Economic impacts are also important factors in marketing and management decisions. Communities therefore need to understand the relative importance of tourism to their region, including tourisms contribution to economic activity in the area. A variety of methods, ranging from pure guesswork to complex mathematical models, are used to estimate tourisms economic impacts. Studies vary extensively in quality and accuracy, as well as which aspects of tourism are included. Technical reports often are filled with economic terms and methods that non-economists do not understand. On the other hand, media coverage of these studies tend to oversimplify and frequently misinterpret the results, leaving decision makers and the general public with a sometimes distorted and incomplete understanding of tourisms economic effects. Tourism has a variety of economic impacts. Tourists contribute to a destinations sales, profits, jobs, tax revenues, and income. Primary tourism sectors, such as lodging, dining, transportation, amusements, and retail trade, are affected directly: most other sectors are impacted by secondary effects. An economic impact analysis of tourism activity usually focuses on regional tourism-related changes in sales, income, and employment. A standard economic impact analysis traces the path that money takes once it leaves a tourists pocket: this is also referred to as the flows of money from tourism spending. The first flow, (direct effect), is to the businesses and government agencies to which the tourists pay money directly. The money then flows through the economy as: Payments from these direct recipients to their suppliers, Salaries and wages for households who provide labour for tourism or supporting industries, Various government taxes and charges payable by tourists, businesses and households. Continuing the fluid analogy, a leakage occurs when money escapes the economy of a region because a local consumer, (household, business or government), has purchased a product from an outside supplier. DIRECT AND SECONDARY ECONOMIC EFFECTS Economists distinguish direct, indirect and induced economic effects. The total economic impact of tourism is the sum of direct, indirect and induced effects within a region. Indirect and induced effects are sometimes collectively called secondary effects. These impacts or effects may be measured in terms of gross output, sales, income, employment, or value added. Although they are often used somewhat loosely by non-economists, these terms have precise definitions that are important when interpreting economic impact study results. Direct effects, are production changes associated with the immediate effects of changes in tourism expenditures. For example, an increase in the number of tourists staying overnight in hotels would directly increase room sales in the hotel sector. The additional hotel sales and associated changes in hotel payments for wages, salaries, taxes, supplies and services are direct effects of the tourist spending. Indirect effects are the production changes resulting from various rounds of re-spending of the tourism industrys receipts in backward-linked industries. For example, industries supplying products and services to hotels). Changes in sales, jobs and income in the linen supply industry, for example, represent indirect effects of changes in hotel sales. Businesses supplying products and services to the linen supply industry represent another round of indirect effects, eventually linking hotels by varying degrees to most other economic sectors in the region. Induced effects are the changes in economic activity resulting from household spending of income earned directly or indirectly as a result of tourism spending. For example, hotel and linen supply employees supported directly or indirectly by tourism, spend their income in the local region for housing, food, transportation, and the usual array of household product and service needs. The sales, income, and jobs that result from household spending of added wage, salary, or proprietors income are induced effects. Total Economic Impact Total Economic Impact = Direct + Secondary Effects = Direct + (Indirect + Induced Effects) A change in tourist spending can affect virtually every sector of the economy by means of indirect and induced effects. The magnitude of these secondary effects is directly related to the propensity of local businesses and households to purchase from local suppliers. Induced effects are easily visible when a large regional plant closes: supporting industries are hurt by the indirect effects, but the entire local economy usually suffers due to the reduction in regional household income. Retail stores may close, thereby increasing leakages as local consumers turn to outside suppliers. Similar but reversed induced effects are observable when there is a significant increase in regional jobs and household income. INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS An input-output (I-O) model is a mathematical model that describes the flows of money between sectors within a regions economy. Flows are predicted based on the inputs that each industry must buy from every other industry to produce a dollars worth of output. I-O models also determine the proportions of sales that go to wage and salary income, proprietors income, and taxes. Multipliers can be estimated from input-output models based on the estimated re-circulation of spending within the region. Exports and imports are determined based on estimates of the propensity of households and firms to purchase goods and services from local sources (often called RPCs or regional purchase coefficients). The more self-sufficient a region is, the fewer the leakages, so that the multipliers are correspondingly higher. Input-output models make a number of basic assumptions: All firms in a given industry employ the same production technology and produce identical products. There are no economies or diseconomies of scale in production or factor substitution. I-O models are essentially linear: double the level of tourism activity/production and you must double all of the inputs. Analysts generally report the impact estimates as if they represent activity within a single year, although the model does not explicitly keep track of time. One must assume that the various model parameters are accurate and represent the current year. I-O models are firmly grounded in the national system of accounts which relies on a standard industrial classification system (SIC codes), and on various federal government economic censuses in which individual firms report sales, wage and salary payments and employment. I-O models are generally at least a few years out-of-date: this is not usually a problem unless the regions economy has changed significantly. An I-O model represents the regions economy at a particular point in time: tourist spending estimates are generally price adjusted to the year of the model. Multiplier computations for induced effects generally assume that jobs created by additional spending are new jobs involving the movement of new households to the area. Induced effects are computed assuming linear changes in household spending with changes in income. Estimates of induced effects are frequently inflated when these assumptions are not accurate, (for example, when new jobs are staffed by existing residents). As induced effects usually comprise the vast majority of secondary effects of tourism, they should be used with caution. Measuring the Economic Impact of Tourism The economic impacts of tourism are typically estimated by some variation of the simple formula: Defining the Economic Impact of Tourism: Economic Impact of Tourism = # of Tourists * Ave. Spending per Visitor * Multiplier Where # of tourists = numbers of tourists and ave. = average Estimate the change in the number and types of tourists to the region that will result from the proposed policy or action: Estimates or projections of tourist activity generally come from a demand model or some system for measuring levels of tourism activity in an area: economic impact estimates rely on good estimates of the number and types of visitors, which come from carefully designed measurements of tourist activity, a good demand model, or good judgment. This step is usually the weakest link in most tourism impact studies, as few regions have accurate counts of tourists, let alone good models for predicting changes in tourism activity or separating local visitors from visitors who originate outside the region. Estimate average levels of spending (often within specific market segments) of tourists in the local area: Spending averages come from sample surveys or are adapted from other studies. Spending estimates must be based on a representative sample of the population of tourists, and should take into account variations across seasons, market segments or types of tourists, and locations within the study area. As spending can vary widely by type of tourist, we recommend estimating average spending for a set of key tourist segments based on samples of at least 50-100 visitors per tourism segment. Segments should be defined to capture differences in spending between local residents vs. tourists, day users vs. overnight visitors, type of accommodation (motel, campground, seasonal home, with friends and relatives), and type of transportation (car, RV, air, rail, etc.). In broadly-based tourism impact studies, it is useful to identify unique spending patterns of important activity segments such as downhill skiers, boaters, or convention business travellers multiplying the number of tourists by the a verage spending per visitor, (making certain that units are consistent), gives an estimate of total tourist spending in the area. Estimates of tourist spending will generally be more accurate if distinct spending profiles and use estimates are made for key tourism segments. The use and spending estimates are the two most important parts of an economic impact assessment. When combined, they capture the amount of money brought into the region by tourists. Please note: multipliers are needed only if one is interested in the secondary effects of tourism spending. Apply the change in spending to a regional economic model or set of multipliers to determine secondary effects: Secondary effects of tourism are estimated using multipliers, or a model of the regions economy. Multipliers generally come from an economic base or input-output model of the regions economy. Often, multipliers are borrowed improperly or adjusted from published multipliers or other studies. Avoid taking a multiplier estimated for one region and applying it in a region with a quite different economic structure. As a general rule, multipliers are higher for larger regions with more diversified economies. A common error is to apply a state-wide multiplier (since these are more widely published) to a local region. This will yield inflated estimates of local multiplier effects. Stynes, D., (1997). Economic impacts of Tourism. pp. 1-19 Urbana, IL:   University of Illinois,  Cooperative Extension Service bulletin.