Hiring In-Laws: A Bad Idea :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Hiring In-Laws: A Bad Idea Many successful small businesses have been ruined by bringing in-laws in to the family business. As these in-laws struggle to establish a voice in the company, meaning well, they often wind up destroying them. As the owner of the family business, it is your job to avoid situations that could hurt or hinder your business. In this case you should assume a few often overlooked points:  When approaching your business, never think of it in terms of one happy family.  Never assume that in-laws will be grateful to benefit from the opportunities the business offers. Rather, they often feel guilty and incompetent thinking they would have never gotten the job if they weren't family.  Even in-laws with terrific ideas for the company will disrupt the business, the family, or both.  In-laws will struggle from day one to try to prove themselves to you. Even at family outings they will often engage in business talk to promote their worthiness and creativity. The O'Shea Family Business To further illustrate the risks of hiring in-laws into a business we will use a real life example, the O’Shea family. The O’Shea family business was fairly simple. They owned a clothing manufacturing company that made camouflage apparel. They were contracted suppliers of clothing to the military since the business opened its doors during World War II. Daniel O'Shea, the company president, was earning a "comfortable living" in 1970 when began making plans to select his successor. His two daughters had no interest in the day-to-day operations of the company. As a result his decision to choose his son, a levelheaded recent M.B.A., was easy. His name was Sean. Sean knew the business very well, and the company grew from his good business sense. He was young and energetic, helping the company to increase profits almost 50% in his first 2 years while at the helm. This meant bigger monthly checks for the family members, and no one argued against that. The business be gan to grow and so did the need for personnel. Sean made a big mistake only 5 years into his career. With the insistence of one of his sisters, he hired an in-law. It was against his better judgement, but he figured he could place him in a job were the family ties would not cause any problems.

Conservative, Liberal and Marxist History

History has been understood differently by different people. While some have understood it as the study of the past events, others have defined it as a record of human actions which have occurred in the past. 1 However the variety of definitions, it should be pointed out that history does not constitute everything that happened in the past. Only those past activities which have had a bearing on the present are what may qualify to be worth history. 2 Just as there are many definitions of history, so are there many branches of history.This essay is meant to define and illustrate the importance of three of the braches of history. These include Conservative, Liberal and Marxist History. The essay is organized in two parts. The first part will provide in-depth understanding of the three terms, whereas the second part will show how important each of them is in the study of history. Conservative History is one historical interpretation of history which traces its foundation in the word â₠¬ËœConservatism’. Conservatism literary means preservation of what has always been tradition.It is an ideology which favours status quo and is very reluctant to accept change. Conservatives prefer having things continues as they have been in the past. Any drastic change to tradition is viewed with suspicion. According to this ideology, political and other human institutions have endured through ages because of tradition. For this reason, change should only be accepted very gradually. 3 Having looked at conservatism, it may now be imperative to define Conservative History as that branch of history whose writings are based on maintaining history as has always been written, without altering it.In this vein, this history favours tradition, as no perceptions or any other radical views are not emphasized. Conservative Historians may also write history not to preserve the past, but to remind society of the good olden tradition. The goal in this case, is to see societies revert back to the values of earlier times. Because of its emphasis on the value of tradition, Conservative History has always perpetuated inequalities, absolutist regimes and domination of the poor by the upper class. 4 Liberal History as the word ‘liberal’ suggests, comes from the Latin word ‘liber’ meaning ‘free’.The word therefore, has more to do with freedom or liberty. Liberalism advocates for equality of opportunity for all and allows maximum freedom to individuals while limiting the powers of government. The earliest form of Liberal History was a reaction to the conservative history, which was being considered as static. Liberal History advocated for the freedom of thought for historians as a way of ensuring the progress of humanity. Core to this branch of history is the belief that if historians are to write history which promotes progress, then historians should not be controlled in trying to seek historical truth.The past, present and future are seen as being interconnected and influencing one another. Therefore, it is not necessary to emphasize one when all the three (past, present and future) collectively shape history of humanity. According to liberal historians, it is possible to analyze history progressively rather than look at it as tradition. They totally differ with conservatives who may always want to maintain status quo in areas such as divine rights of kings and hereditary status among many others. They regard traditions as having no value other than hindering social progress.Further, they hold the view that traditions and other social practices should continually be adjusted for the benefit of humanity. In other words, Liberal History constitutes those historical accounts which are highly critical of certain traditions and cultures, referring to them as uncivilized, barbaric and primitive. 6 Marxist History’s origin may be traced to the works of Karl Marx (1818- 1853) who analyzed human history and concl uded that it was all about class struggles. 7 It is also called Radical History.Marx theorized that in every historical era, there is always a dominating class and an oppressed class, as well as a struggle between these classes. According to him, these struggles are perpetuated by the state and economic conditions such as capitalism which produces oppressed classes. He contended that capitalists will destroy engage in brutal competitive struggles with each other, thereby giving an opportunity to the exploited laboring classes to rise up against capitalism and overthrow it so that they replace it with communism.In communism, there would be no classes and economic benefits would be shared equitably. 8 Marxist History is therefore, that interpretation of history on the basis of not only social and political factors but also economic factors. Marxist historians asserted that poverty and diseases of the poor people are as a result of social classes and conditions under which peasants liv ed and worked. 9 The base of man’s problems was to be found in the division of society into classes. Therefore, in order building a society with no exploitation is only dependant on the forceful removal of the capitalist  system.At the centre of radical history is the argument that the historical analysis of man’s progress and development is meaningless unless that analysis puts into consideration the economic and social relations aspect. 10 This is unlike liberal history which only emphasizes the social and political factors in the analysis of man’s development. So far, it is clear that Marxist History differs considerably from the other two branches discussed. For example, whereas liberal history centres on man’s progress, Marxist history is more concerned with changing the world.Marxist historians advocate for a radical transformation of the economic and social conditions by removing capitalist relations. This would have to be done through a violent revolution. An example of radical historians is Paulo Freire who championed the cause of the oppressed in his book, ‘Pedagogy of the Oppressed’. 11 In this book, he campaigned for the liberation of the poor who had been oppressed by the dominant classes. Having discussed the three branches of history in detail, the essay will now focus on the importance of each of these branches in the study of history.Merely defining the concepts without illustrating their relevance can render futile the need to understand them (branches) in the study of history. It should be noted from the onset that while all the branches discussed may have their faults or inadequacies, they all are very relevant in the study of history. Many a time, historians align themselves with one of the many branches, and this reflects in their works. The importance of Conservative History can never be overemphasized. What is life without tradition?No society would be what it is today without the contribution of past values and traditions. Though arguable, it could be true to assert that the world has evolved into what it is today because of the good values of the past. It is for this reason that caution ought to be taken to ensure that societies and politics remain immune to temptations to change. Conservative history is premised on the old adage that ‘the devil you know is better than the angel you do not know’. The emphasis on maintaining the status quo will definitely result in continuity and stability of societies and institutions.Conservative history gives an impression that things were better in the past than they are now and that there is need to go back to the olden ways. This is especially true in the area of African education. Indigenous education was better compared to the current western education, which promotes nothing but social stratification and unemployment. The entire curriculum is so irrelevant, bookish, with very few practical subjects at selected level s of education12. However, looking into the past, it is vivid that traditional education which was offered ensured a rounded education and comprehensive preparation for real life.There was no such thing as unemployment! Owing to the fact the past was much better off than the present, conservative history plays an invaluable role in enlightening the present generations on the achievements of the past. Its stress on the need to return to the values of the earlier times has always been received positively. In Zambia for example, there are moves to ruralize the school curriculum so that it includes some of the traditional aspects which have direct relevance to societies.13 Further, tribute should be paid to conservative historians for their role in the re-writing of African History which had been greatly tarnished by some liberal historians. The first writers of African history portrayed it in a very negative way. The African ways of life were seen as heathen, barbaric, primitive, backw ard and uncivilized. 14 It had to take conservative African historians to try to erase the fabrications, omissions and stereotypes of colonial historians. By eulogizing the African past, conservative historians have made a huge contribution to the study of history.Like Conservative History, Liberal history plays an important role in the interpretation of history. The notion of the past as a continuation into the present and future is very true and important. It is very true in the sense that society is indeed dynamic. The conditions of the past may not be the same conditions now. Therefore, societies cannot afford to be static in a fast changing world. For example, in the 1970s, Zambia and many other countries were under socialist and dictatorship regimes. It worked so well that time. However, in the 1990s, a wind of change blew, and countries could not afford to remain static.Many socialist governments were toppled and replaced with more democratic and capitalist governments which espoused the principle of liberalization. The role of liberal history in promoting the progress of society cannot be overlooked. Besides, this is the only branch of history which makes it easy to analyze the past in order to understand the present and finally forecast the future. By supporting social progressivism, certain bad elements of tradition can be done away with. Such elements or practices include the divine rights of rulers, hereditary statusand other injustices. 15 In the study of history, this branch helps greatly in the understanding of present events as offshoots of past events. In addition, it is the goal of liberal history to be written from several view points as long as it has man’s freedoms at the centre. 16 This branch is very important because it allows for the different perspectives with people try to explain historical events. Without liberal history, there would only be one universal interpretation of historical facts. It concerns itself with the politi cal and social life of societies.These are very cardinal aspects of history which demand for interpretation. Marxist history has an immense contribution it makes in the study of history. As discussed earlier, this branch fills the void left by liberal history. The latter only addressed the social and political aspects leaving the economic aspect which also contributes to man’s progress in both political and social life. Though radical in nature, this branch provides a working interpretation or hypothesis of the existing social classes and consequent class struggles in man’s history.17 It is therefore, possible to understand the source of the frequent conflicts between workers and owners of the means of production. Conservative and liberal history may not answer the questions of about poverty and diseases from which poor people suffer. Yet, these are very important questions in any study of history. Radical or Marxist history hence, becomes imperative because it provide s answers to these questions. According to this branch, poverty and disease are as a result of the creation of classes based on economic factors.In other words, capitalism which is the main cause of division of societies is the base of man’s problems and exploitation. 18 Another important aspect of Marxist history in the study of history is its role in trying to change the world. This branch of history attempts to cleanse the world of the social ills and inequalities by bringing them out in the open. It therefore, advocates for a radical transformation and liberation of the poor’s economic and social conditions. Careful analysis of Marxist history offers a good explanation for the under-development of Africa.Colonialism which brought with it capitalism, is blamed for the exploitation of African human and material resources. This knowledge is important in the study of African history. It is necessary to learn how African peasants and workers were stripped of their resou rces by the greedy colonial capitalists. Throughout the colonial period (and even now), Africans did not benefit from their resources. 19 Rather, they have always been suppliers of cheap labour to the capitalists. In summary, this essay has defined three of the many branches of history, namely: Conservative Liberal and Marxist.Conservative history bases its writings on the preservation of what has been traditionally followed. It has no room for divergent and radical views other than the status quo. Liberal history on the other hand, emphasizes freedom of thought for historians as a way of promoting historical progress of humanity. It is a reaction to conservative history. Finally, Marxist history is a radical view of history which emphasizes the interpretation of history on the basis of both social and economic factors.The essay has further, illustrated the importance of each of the branches discussed. Conservative history is cardinal to the understanding and appreciation of the pas t traditions and cultures. Liberal history facilitates an understanding of present events and projection of the future through analysis of the past. Economic inequalities and problems in man’s history can be better explained by Marxist history. It is therefore, clear that historical accounts of all the three branches discussed are extremely relevant in the study of history.

Cafs Summary on Parenting and Caring - 1703 Words

Parenting- the process of raising and nurturing children in a family Caring- the process of looking after the needs and wellbeing of another person due to their age, illness or disability Biological parents- the parent who has provided the genetic material, either sperm or an ovum, to create a foetus Pregnancy Planned- involves a strategic choice on when to parent. There are physical, emotional and economic impacts that result from this decision Unplanned- may result from poor knowledge about contraception, the fertility cycle or failure with contraception such as a condom tearing IVF and GIFT In-vitro fertilisation †¢ Occurs outside the body †¢ Drug treatment is used to stimulate the maturation and number of ova †¢ Egg follicles are†¦show more content†¦If the person is from an ATSI background, they must receive counselling about their customs and culture †¢ Step parents must be married or in a de-facto relationship or a child whose lived with them for 2 years †¢ Needs to be assurance from governing bodies such as DOCS that all aspects of the wellbeing of the child can be met Social implications †¢ Societies changing attitudes have resulted in fewer adoptions, the use of the contraceptive pill and development of birth technologies †¢ Family relationships change, which can be significant as the child ages †¢ The decision to tell a child they are adopted may be distressing †¢ May cause different emotions for adopted child as they have the right to know their origins †¢ The child must overcome feelings of being rejected by birth parents. May impact on sense of identity and self esteem †¢ No knowledge of child’s medical history which can cause problems in diagnosing illness or most appropriate medical treatment †¢ Family and community acceptance, example if the child looks different to parents the adoptive relationship is apparent †¢ Child should have the opportunity to maintain cultural heritage †¢ Acceptance of adoptive child if parents have biological children Step-parenting- when a man or woman marries or forms a de-facto relationship with a partner who has a child or children from a previous relationship Legal implications †¢ A step parent has no legal responsibilitiesShow MoreRelatedExplain why it is important to ensure children and young people are protected from harm in the work setting2591 Words   |  11 Pageshave special educational needs. This may be through individual sessions within the school, liaison with external services such as educational psychologists or through the CAF (Common Assessment Framework) process. The CAF process was developed to gather and assess information in relation to a child’s needs in development, parenting and the family environment. It is a service that should be offered to children (and their families) whose additional needs are not being met through universal services withinRead MoreEssay on The Waterhouse Report3677 Words   |  15 Pagesï » ¿David Bonelle The Waterhouse report 2000 Lost in Care 1) Summary of content and the Governments response The Waterhouse Report and recommendations Lost in care was the result of the North Wales Child Abuse Tribunal of enquiry This report looked into abuse within childrens homes in North Wales between 1974 and 1976 The enquiry was conducted by Sir Ronald Waterhouse. The reports of abuse were made by children living in the Childrens homes of North Wales. One of the Managers Named AlisonRead MoreEssay on Childhood and Individual Training Plan36789 Words   |  148 Pagescontinuous search for improvement and selfawareness of how workers are perceived by others. Induction Standards Workbook Standard 1 4 Standard 1: understand the principles and values essential for working with children and young people Summary This standard is all about understanding principles and values that you need to put into practice when working with children and young people. You will need to show that you truly understand how to make those values real in your everyday work in aRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesand tutors to take every possible opportunity to explore the live strategic issues of organisations – both their own and others. The following brief points of guidance should prove useful in selecting and using the case studies provided: ââ€"  The summary table that follows indicates the main focus of each of the chosen case studies – together with important subsidiary foci (where appropriate). In general, the sequence of cases is intended to mirror the chapter sequence. However, this should not be

Artists Most Closely Associated with Snyder County, PA

The artists that are today most closely associated with Snyder County are: The Reverend George Geistweite, Henry Young, and Francis Portzline. There are others like Frederick Kuster, Johann Conrad Trevits, Daniel Diefenbach, and Daniel Otto who probably never lived or worked within the geographical confines of what is today Snyder County, but were close enough to produce work for local families and influenced and were influenced by the works of others within this region. Also, some important artists from the area have never been identified and are known only because of their specific style or families for whom they created documents. The â€Å"Union County Scrivener† who seems to have worked entirely in what is today Snyder County, The Spigelmeyer Artist, and The Augusta Township Artist are just a few that fall into this latter category. Other artists produced works for local families, but often they fall into a group of itinerates who traveled about the state looking for families who wanted their Bibles brought up to date or documents created for a specific event. In the fall of 1977 Elizabeth Bryding Adams published an article on Henry Young in the Pennsylvania German Society journal, Der Reggeboge. The article included 152 of his recorded works and was used as the catalogue for an exhibition on Young at the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Folk Art Center in Williamsburg, Va. which was on view that same year. While this article and exhibit was not the first to draw attentionShow MoreRelated_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pagesdata extracted from journal articles, newspapers, and other published sources. Most examples and exercises in the book are of this nature; they cover a very wide range of disciplines and subject areas. These include, but are not limited to, health and ï ¬ tness, consumer research, psychology and aging, environmental research, law and criminal justice, and entertainment. A Focus on Interpretation and Communication Most chapters include a section titled â€Å"Interpreting and Communicating the Results ofRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesManagement Institute will find the text is well structured to meet the needs of those wishing to prepare for PMP (Project Management Professional) or CAPM (Certified Associate in Project Management) certification exams. The text has indepth coverage of the most critical topics found in PMI’s Project Management vii viii Preface Body of Knowledge (PMBOK). People at all levels in the organization assigned to work on projects will find the text useful not only in providing them with a rationale forRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesAmerican economy that is consumer-driven. Therefore, as companies again go back to the business basics, this is a reminder of the most fundamental of those basics: Company managers need to recognize that a business’s income comes from its customers, not from Wall Street. NEW LEADERSHIP AND NEW MANAGEMENT MODELS ARE REQUIRED TO MEET THE BREADTH OF NEW CUSTOMER DEMANDS Most management leaders fully understand that the one certainty in the volcanic twenty-first-century economy is that the terrain onRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesComing Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential

Islamic Religion, Muslims, And Muslim Immigrants - 1786 Words

Islamic Religion, Muslims, and Muslim Immigrants People of the Islamic Religion, known as Muslims, have been migrating to other countries and causing mayhem as they populate the areas. Such as Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, and Syria. People argue they are peaceful, some disagree and say they cause trouble. Muslims have been coming to America for quite some time now. Why do some Americans want them out now? Once looking into what they study, what they believe, and who they follow is terrifying. After all, they believe puberty determines the fate of the person going through it. America is a free country that welcomes people of any religion or race to come to including people that have the same religion of terrorists. Once again, why do some people argue that people of the Islamic religion shouldn’t be here? After looking into what they believe and what is contained in the Muslim’s holy book, The Qur’an, is quite scary. Muhammad is who they believe to be as â€Å"the last prophet of God†. Muslims believe that he was the greatest moral example. When in reality, He was just as bad as HItler. Even Hitler quoted â€Å"The only religion I admire is Islam. The only prophet I admire is Muhammad.† According to David Wood in his article, â€Å"The Historical Muhammad: The Good, The Bad, and the Downright Ugly†, the Islamic religion was founded by Muhammad in 610 A.D. while polytheism reigned. He was born around 570 A.D. His mother died when he was six to and add on to that, Muhammad s father died beforeShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of Islamophobia Has Affected The Lives Of Many Muslims Living Of Western Countries1708 Words   |  7 Pagesthe rise of Islamophobia has affected the lives of many Muslims living in Western countries. Islamophobia by nature is racist, it makes general assumptions of a large group of people who share a common belief system. 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This vision laid the foundations and a new belief system for an unknown religion, Islam. United by their faith in Allah, Muslims of Arabia succeeded in consolidating their beliefs throughout the Arabian peninsula into the Middle East. After the death of Muhammad, the Islamic state expanded rapidly through a remarkable success of

Language Analysis

Question: Analyse the language in the written text Your analysis may include a discussion of one or more of the following topics that are cover in this unit of study: 1. Language in the social context 2. Text and discourse analysis: Genre, gender, identity, ideology, multimodality 3. Conversation analysis 4. Pragmatics and sociocultural awareness 5. Literacies 6. Approaches to the literary reading and fictional discourse 7. World Englises, English as an International Language English as a LIngua Franca 8. Native- speakerism Answer: Text Analysis The story Sunday in the Park starts in medias res, like any other narrative; where a so-called happily married couple visits a deserted park on a Sunday evening with their child, Larry, who is three years old. It is an idyllic scene, which was soon disrupted by another three year old boy, who was a bully, who suddenly started throwing sand on this couples son, whose name was Larry. The mother tried to stop the child and tried to save her own child, but the father of the bully who was called Joe in the story, was a big muscular man. He allowed his son to carry on with the unethical and harmful act. The couple tried to protest but since it was a deserted park and Joes father was much stronger than Larrys father Morton, Larry and his parents had to leave the park in spite of knowing that they were not wrong. Thus, the story is about only one incident, only one incident takes place in the whole story, and the number of characters in this story are not much. It includes the two children J oe and Larry, and at the same time, it includes the anonymous women, or rather the wife or the mother in the story and the two fathers, Morton and Joes father. There are also two women and a girl but they are the silent spectators, and not even spectators but few characters that formed the scene in the park. Therefore, it followed almost all the characteristics of a short story so; it could easily fit in the genre of a short story (Achilles and Bergmann, 2015). The main theme of the text is that the woman or mother expected a protection from her husband, which her husband had failed to provide and had avoided the whole situation accepting his failure without committing any mistake (Christ and Shostak, 1993). Therefore, the gender question is one of the most important questions that have been raised in this particular short story and language too plays an important role establishing it. In the beginning of the story when the narrator provides a happy and peaceful picture of the park as well as of the family she comments: She put her book down on the bench.Morton was reading the Times Magazine section, one arm flung around her shoulder; The above mentioned lines here state that a woman feels secure when she has the protection of the man or rather it is the society who has constructed the gender Women in such a way that they should always want a kind of protection from their male partners. Thus, although apparently it seems here that the wife or the mother did not want a fight in this case, but the language used here show what her actual desire was when the narrator says, How dreadful, how incredible. There is a feeling of fear in her and thus it was dreadful for her but then again, it was an adventurous situation for her and thus it was also an incredible situation for her. Moreover, the house or the family is the means and the end for a woman and thus when the couple accepted their defeat moved out of the park, the woman had only one thought in the mind, which was: She wanted only to get home and to busy herself with her familiar tasks The narrator, with the beautiful and creative use of the language comments that a woman could find her familiar tasks only at home, the home provided the woman with the ultimate protection. Women are not only constructed as someone who need protection but there is also another construction of a woman and that is of a mother (Hill, 2015). It is the mother, who is always held responsible for all the actions, and thus when Joe throws sand at Larry, the immediate question that came to the mind of Larrys mother is, Where was his mother? Patriarchy has not only constructed the woman but it has also constructed the man as well (Glauber and Gozjolko, 2015). According to certain critics and feminist thinkers, the gender construction is nothing but an ideological construction, where a set of rules had to be followed by both the man and the woman. Thus, the first appearance of Morton is not exactly of a man, who is a protector. Morton is someone who wears spectacles, who had a fine, lean face, and who is very shy and apologetic, as compared to Joes father who is quite a weak man and thus quickly became the butt of mockery. At first Joes father, who mocked Mortons physical appearan ce as well as his lack of courage and said You and who else? to mock him. His wife again repeated the same phrase when she was disgusted because of her husbands behavior. She too was constructed by this society as a woman, and as mentioned earlier she believed that her man will protect her from everything and should stand for justice, which has also been denied in this story. It is not only Morton, who failed to be a man but, Larry too could not be that man who could make her mother proud. The only fault of the three years old child was that he is someone, who is frail, and for whom his mother feels shame. The narrator used beautiful, yet very simple language to explain the complex construction of gender and the ideology to the readers and thus she comments: Always before she had felt a tender pity for his defenseless little body, the frail arms, the narrow shoulders with sharp, wing-like shoulder blades, the thin and unsure legs, but now her mouth tightened in resentment The women is either a wife or a mother and therefore throughout the novel Larrys mother is referred as She. The readers do not know the name of the woman, they only that she is the wife of Morton and lives a very contended and a happy life with her husband, and is a carrying mother of Larry. Therefore, throughout the story, the author does not reveal the identity of the woman, she is just a She in the whole story and this is quite ironical in terms of Bel Kaufmans own life. She too, had to take up an androgynous identity to publish her first short story because her own identity, or rather her own name Belle, was never trusted (Rajadhyaksha, Korabik and Aycan, 2015). The publishers never felt that a woman writer could come up with things like short stories even though she was writing at a time when the first wave of Feminism was on the go. Apart from the identity of the woman, the identity of Joes father is also not revealed. He is the universal patriarchal father figure, who takes th e ultimate decision for the family and at times for the society as well. Patriarchy exists through domination and domination only establishes patriarchy. Therefore Joes father does not need any name, he has the power to establish his reign and thus he could very easily comment, Throw all you want. After all the powerful can do, all they want to do and for that, they do not need any reason or any kind of permission (Haslam, 2015). Joe too had been constructed in the same way and therefore, he too does not need any kind of permission before physically hurting someone. Analysis of the Language Long ago Russian anthropologist and theorist Mikhail Bakhtin commented that in any novel, the readers find not only the speech of the characters but at the same time, there is a speech of the author as well (Maybin and Swann, 2007). Heteroglossia is the term Bakhtin used, when he tried to define the usage of anothers speech, to serve the purpose of the author, in anothers language (Paton, 2012). The story by Kaufman too, has a same kind of thing when the woman or the mother unintentionally, and to her shock utters the speech of the bully, You and who else. The particular speech shocked her but this served the purpose of the author, she with the help of the end line blows a stroke. The author with this particular phrase could very easily explain that due to patriarchy the man too is in a very vulnerable position and if he could not play his part well, then he become a misfit not only for the society but also for the family as well, a subject of mockery and satire. According to the scholars and the critics Bakhtins use of the double voice, refers to the language that is being used in everyday speech where, a less powerful speaker uses the double voice (Schwartz, 2015). The usage of the double voice by the less powerful speaker is there because the less powerful characters want to negotiate threats using double voicing. Here, the dialogue takes place between the bully and the Morton couple, where the bully is more powerful than the Morton couple. The wife, on the other hand is not only less powerful as she is physically weak, but at the same time she is also less powerful because she is a woman without an identity or a name. Therefore, the thoughts in her mind reflected a double consciousness or a double voice when she said, How dreadful, how incredible, at the thought of the fight that is going to take place between the bully and her husband. The same kind of split or double voicing is again being reflected in her thoughts when she said: She wanted to put her hand on her husband's sleeve, to pull him down, but for some reason she didn't Critics and scholars such as Patterson (2015), states that Bakhtins theory about dialogy, states the fact that authors of the modernist fictions never comment on anything rather present before the readers a conflict between two different sets of ideas or ideologies. Although the author presents a conflict there is no final resolution that is being offered to the readers. Similar kind of situation is there in this particular story as well. Here a dialogue takes place between the powerful and the less powerful and the one who is less powerful takes the place of the powerful in the course of the story. In the first place, a silent negotiation between the powerful and the less powerful takes place through the action of Joe and Larry. Joe, being the heavier, exercise power over Larry, by throwing sand on her and Larry being the physically feeble and the so-called disciplined child could not protest against it. The same conversation between the powerful and the powerless takes place when t here is a conversation between the bully father of Joe and Morton takes place. Lastly, the power relation changes when the couple with their child moved out of the park and the conversation takes place between the couple and the feeble Larry, until the end Larry played the role of the less powerful. The conversation analysis, here shows that the mother too exercised a power, when raged with shame and anger she firmly holds the hand of Larry, and Morton exercised his power against his wife, when he got irritated by the chants of her son and snapped at wife with these words, If you can't discipline this child, I will". Interestingly, though the action was not possible because some how the wife, again expressed power through her last few words when she said, Indeed?" she heard herself say. You and who else? The following words not only expressed a power relation, where again, Morton is being shown as someone who is weaker but at the same time a kind of double voicing too takes place in this following conversation. It is as if, not the wife, but another personality, who is strong and can stand up for herself and speak for herself, is speaking on behalf of her. The fact becomes clearer and apparent when the author comments that She was shocked to hear it, indeed it was a shock for her because in the beginning the readers witnessed a wife who is very careful, and less powerful than her husband. Although in the last sentence uttered by the wife brings before the picture of a wife who is stronger than her husband. Thus, in the end the author does not offer any kind of resolution, but only the possible dialogues. Reference Achilles, J. and Bergmann, I. eds., 2015.Liminality and the Short Story: Boundary Crossings in American, Canadian, and British Writing(Vol. 34). Routledge. Christ, H. and Shostak, J. (1993).More short stories. New York: AMSCO School Publications. Glauber, R. and Gozjolko, K.L., 2015. Gender Ideology, Race, and Parenthood.Working in America: Continuity, Conflict, and Change in a New Economic Era. Haslam, J., 2015.Gender, Race, and American Science Fiction: Reflections on Fantastic Identities. Routledge. Hill, C.E., 2015.Formal Education: Early Childrens Genres, Gender, and the Realist Novel(Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University). Maybin, J. and Swann, J. (2007).Everyday Creativity in Language: Textuality, Contextuality, and Critique. 1st ed. Paton, D. 2012. Towards a theoretical underpinning of the book arts: Applying Bakhtins dialogism and heteroglossia to selected examples of the artists book.Literator, 33(1). Patterson, D., 2015.Literature and spirit: essays on Bakhtin and his contemporaries. University Press of Kentucky. Rajadhyaksha, U., Korabik, K. and Aycan, Z., 2015. Gender, Gender-Role Ideology, and the WorkFamily Interface: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. InGender and the Work-Family Experience(pp. 99-117). Springer International Publishing. Schwartz, M., 2015.A Bakhtinian Dialogic Interactive Approach: Read-alouds with Spanish-speaking Kindergarteners(Doctoral dissertation, LONG ISLAND UNIVERSITY, CW POST CENTER).

James Maxwell Essays - Physics, Electromagnetism, Force,

James Maxwell James Clerk Maxwell, a Scottish physicist, is arguably one of the top ten physicists of all time. His major contributions to the world of science are still relied upon today, years after their development and discovery. Maxwell, who lived from 1831 to 1879, is said to be the Einstein and the Newton of the nineteenth century. Responsible for many scientific achievements, Maxwell is most famous for his works involving prediction of electromagnetic waves and the consequent unification of electromagnetism and light. Maxwell's major contributions to science extend over a wide variety of fields, including optics, color vision, elasticity, and the behavior of the dynamical top. The work that established him as a foremost natural scientist was his analysis of Saturn's rings, in which he showed that they could not be rigid but must be made up of swarms of particles whose stability he analyzed. He invented the idea of a ``distribution function'' governing the velocities of the individual molecules of the gas, and proposed the ``Maxwellian'' expression for its equilibrium form. Maxwell's formulation of electricity and magnetism was published in A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism (1873), which included the formulas today known as Maxwell Equations. Maxwell also showed that these equations implicitly required the existence of electromagnetic wave traveling at the speed of light. He also proposed a physical ether theory. He abandoned attempts to formulate a specific mechanical model, instead using the formalism of Lagrangian dynamics. His theory of electromagnetic fields led directly to the existence of electromagnetic waves as they are known today. Science Essays